These days， with a quick Google search， you can find superfans of almost anything and anyone. Whether you love Beyoncé， the New York Yankees， or Game of Thrones， you’re bound to find a place to share your endless love and devotion. And participating in fandoms online can be as simple as following a few fan accounts on social media， or as involved as writing fan fiction that’s 10，000 words long. When I was a budding1 teen fan of the Marvel universe and Game of Thrones， platforms like Tumblr allowed me to air2 my obsession of the moment with as much fervor as I wanted. But I discovered that while fandoms are a place to demonstrate love and appreciation， “fan armies” can also make themselves into weapons of harassment and intimidation that threaten to undermine all that love and inclusion. And they are hard to stop， even when they want to.

如今，用谷歌快速搜索一下，几乎可以找到任何人、任何事的超级粉丝。无论是喜欢歌手碧昂丝、纽约洋基棒球队，还是电视剧《权力的游戏》，你必然能找到一个平台来分享自己源源不断的爱意和热情。线上加入粉圈可以简单到在社交媒体上关注几个粉丝账户，也可以像写万字粉丝小说那样深度参与。我十几岁的时候还是漫威宇宙和《权力的游戏》的萌新粉，“汤博乐”等平台可供我尽情抒发当时的痴迷。然而，我发现虽然粉圈是表达热爱和欣赏的地方，但是“粉丝军团”也有可能把自己变成骚扰和恐吓的武器，会打破所有爱意和包容。粉丝军团的势头难以遏制，甚至他们自己想停都停不下来。

During my brief stint as a superfan on Tumblr， I saw firsthand how this happens. When Gossip Girl debuted a romantic storyline between queen bee3 socialite Blair Waldorf and middle-class good guy Dan Humphrey in the show’s fifth season， some fans loved this relationship， while others were loyal to the multi-season arc between Blair and her ex-boyfriend Chuck Bass. Online， Blair and Chuck supporters were labeled “sympathizers” to abuse and sexual misconduct. Those rooting for4 Dan were swiftly cut down as not “true” fans.

我在汤博乐上作为超级粉丝的活跃时间不算长，却亲眼目睹了一切是如何发生的。在电视剧《绯闻女孩》第五季里，人称“女王蜂”的社交名媛布莱尔·沃尔多夫和中产老实男丹·汉弗莱的情感纠葛初次上线。有的粉丝喜欢这条感情线，但有的还是“死磕”布莱尔和前男友查克·巴斯，两人在前几季里感情曲折。在网络平台上，支持布莱尔和查克在一起的粉丝被贬称为虐待和不端行为的“支持者”，而力挺丹上位的粉丝则立即被斥责为不是“忠”粉。

The labeling and shaming that ensued during these debates， and the attacking that followed， was not only hurtful to those targeted， it was， frankly， unproductive. It was as though there were rules about the right way to be a fan—certain characters you should like， others you should hate. If you felt differently， well， that meant you weren’t a real fan at all.

口舌之争中用贴标签的方式羞辱别人，还有随之而来的言语攻击，不单会对攻击对象造成伤害，说白了，本身也是徒劳无功。仿佛当粉丝也有走正路的规矩——应当喜欢某些角色，应该讨厌其他角色。如果意见相左，那么你根本就是假粉。

One of the hallmark traits of a celebrity fandom in particular， is the staunch defending of the “faves”—figures the fandom regards as nearly infallible—against any kind of hate， criticism， or insult. While it’s easy to watch fandoms from the sidelines， to be an active player in fan culture can be a perilous undertaking. In July 2018， writer Wanna Thompson tweeted about Nicki Minaj’s upcoming album， writing （in a now-deleted tweet）， “You know how dope5 it would be if Nicki put out mature content？ No silly stuff. Just reflecting on past relationships， being a boss， hardships， etc. She’s touching 40 soon， a new direction is needed.” As reported by The New York Times， the writer received hateful messages across social media， as well as via her personal cell phone number and email address. Minaj herself contacted Thompson through Twitter with two scathing direct messages， the Times reported.

明星粉丝尤甚，其典型特征之一便是坚定捍卫“心头好”（粉丝心中近乎完美的人物），不接受任何形式的仇恨、批评或侮辱。