From the box office to book publishing， stans1 are making their influence felt.

从票房收入到作品出版，超级粉丝的影响力正在崛起。

In recent years， cultural critics have described the Internet as an “attention economy，” referring to the hot， volatile business of converting views and clicks into dollars. But in 2023， we watched fandom burst to the forefront， and the truth became undeniable： We’ve exited the attention economy and entered something less transient.

近年来，文化评论家把互联网称为“注意力经济”，意即这是一种快速传播又迅速变化的热门商业模式，能将浏览量和点击量变现。但在2023年，我们看到粉丝群体突然闯进大众视野的中心，其背后的真相无可争辩：注意力经济已成过去，人们的关注变得持久。

“The attention economy is the brief focus on nearly any subject as algorithms focus on engagement，” says Jamie Cohen， Ph.D.， an assistant professor of media studies at City University of New York’s Queens College. “This， of course， results in the temporary uplift into mainstream media and a short marketable trend. On the other hand， the fangirl economy is far more powerful because a small group of passionate users is far more valuable than millions of flash-in-the-pan2 trend followers.”

“受算法注重参与度的影响，注意力经济对几乎所有话题的关注都很短暂。”纽约市立大学皇后学院主攻媒体研究的助理教授杰米·科恩博士说，“注意力经济的确能暂时增加主流媒体的流量，短期拉动市场走势。然而，女性粉丝群体的经济力量要强大得多，因为她们人数虽少，但比起众多来去匆匆的关注者，胜在热情持久，商业价值大得多。”

On some level， fans’ economic impact isn’t new. In 2016， for instance， Red Lobster sales spiked after Beyoncé name-dropped3 the restaurant in the lyrics of “Formation.” But the double-header of Swift’s Eras tour and Beyoncé’s Renaissance tour in 2023 marked a turning point. These weren’t just high-grossing tours; they were full-on stan tours， complete with unofficial dress codes and community-building activ-ities.

从某种程度来说，粉丝经济的影响力早已有之。例如，早在2016年，碧昂丝在单曲《编队》的歌词中提到海鲜餐厅“红龙虾”，这使得餐厅营业额一度飙升。不过，粉丝经济崛起的关键点是2023年两位歌坛巨星的演唱会：泰勒·斯威夫特的“时代”巡回演唱会和碧昂丝的“文艺复兴”巡回演唱会。她们的巡演不仅收入颇丰，而且完完全全是属于超级粉丝的盛会——歌迷自发统一着装，还组织丰富多彩的社群活动。

All that fan passion yielded more than just ticket sales： Swift’s three-night stretch in Houston resulted in the city’s highest hotel revenue week of 2023， Axios reported; a special report for the California Center for Jobs confirmed that her SoFi Stadium shows brought in an estimated $320 million in tourism revenues， taxes， and extra jobs for Los Angeles County alone. As for the Renaissance tour， visitors to Houston shows spent $18.2 million at area hotels alone， and Danske Bank economists believe the kickoff show in Stockholm contributed to higher inflation in Sweden.

歌迷的热情不仅带来了演出收入：据美国新闻网站“爱可信”报道，斯威夫特在休斯敦连续三晚的演唱会，让该市酒店当周收入一举创下2023年之最；加利福尼亚州就业中心的专题报告证实，斯威夫特在索菲体育场的演唱会仅为洛杉矶县一地就预计带来3.2亿美元的旅游收入和税收，还创造了大量临时就业岗位。再以碧昂丝的“文艺复兴”巡回演唱会为例，前往休斯敦的观众光是在当地酒店住宿就花了1820万美元。丹斯克银行的经济学家认为，碧昂丝在斯德哥尔摩的巡演首秀甚至导致瑞典的通胀走高。

“A digital standom is charged with energy， so you only need a small amount of push into the marketplace to create a vast consumer response or even a civic mobilization，” says Cohen. “The tighter knit the passionate standom， the more they are ready to act either with their wallet or with their feet4.”

“数字时代的超级粉丝群体能量十足，只需轻轻刺激市场，就能激发消费者的强烈反应，甚至能动员全民。