四、吾少也贱,故多能鄙事
语出《论语·子罕篇》。子闻之,曰:“太宰知我乎!吾少也贱,故多能鄙事。君子多乎哉?不多也。”
这里的“贱”(出身卑微),刘殿爵和威利都用humble来译:
I was of humble station when young. That is why I am skilled in many menial things. (刘殿爵译:《论语(中英文对照)》,中华书局,2008,页143;以下引自该译本译文,只注页码)
When I was young I was in humble circumstances; that is why I have many practical accomplishments in regard to simple, everyday matters. (威利译:《论语:汉英对照》,外语教学与研究出版社,1998,页107;以下引自该译本译文,只注页码)
刘殿爵将“少也贱”译作“(be of) humble station when young”是下了功夫的。station一词作“社会地位”解时,词典为其标注了formal(正式)这一语用标签,这与《论语》文言文的语体色彩正好相符。整体来说,刘殿爵的译文更简洁一些。
humble亦作“简陋”解。《中华思想文化术语》“安贫乐道”词目的例证中,“在陋巷”译为 live in a humble alley(外语教学与研究出版社,第5册,2017,页3)。“欢迎光临寒舍”则是 welcome to my humble abode。杜甫《绝句漫兴九首·其三》描写成都草堂茅屋矮小的诗句“熟知茅斋绝低小”,阿瑟·库柏(Arthur Cooper)的译文同样用到humble:Aware my working room / is thatched and humble, …(Arthur Cooper. Li Po and Tu Fu: Poems Selected and Translated with an Introduction and Notes, London: Penguin Books, 1973, p.199)轻歌剧《克拉里》(Clari, or the Maid of Milan,1823年首演)中广为传唱的“Be it ever so humble, there is no place like home”,已经成为英文谚语,这里的Be it ever so humble则有“斯是陋室”的味道。
humble还可以当动词用,表示“使某人变得卑微”。期颐之年,杨绛先生接受《文汇报》专访,提到一段轶事。美国哈佛大学英美文学与比较文学教授哈里·莱文(Harry Levin)著作等身,是享誉西方学坛的名家,莱文的高傲也是有名的。
